Cardiothoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Cardiac, thoracic, and vascular conditions rarely follow predictable paths. The surgical unit at KIMS Hospitals, Electronic City handles this range (including valve repairs, coronary revascularisation, aortic reconstruction, congenital anomalies) across all age groups including patients with advanced or multi-system disease.

Our Surgeons here do not work in isolation. Cardiologists, intensivists, pulmonologists, haematologists, vascular specialists, radiologists, and pathologists are all involved in assessment and planning (including physiotherapists, dietitians, and genetic counsellors at the appropriate stages). 

Tests and Treatments

The procedures below cover the principal categories of cardiothoracic and vascular care offered at our unit:

1. Valve Repair and Replacement

Aortic Valve Repair and Replacement

Whether it is calcific stenosis, bicuspid valve disease or infective endocarditis each damages the aortic valve differently and surgical planning reflects that. Where open repair or replacement is not the safest route, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) offers a catheter-based alternative, particularly in patients with elevated operative risk. Annular dimensions, tissue quality, and long-term anticoagulation tolerance all factor into the final decision.

Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Two conditions dominate mitral valve referrals: regurgitation usually from leaflet prolapse or annular dilatation and stenosis arising from rheumatic scarring. Where the leaflet morphology supports it, repair is chosen over replacement and outcomes are more durable and the patient avoids lifelong anticoagulation. When tissue is too damaged to reconstruct, a prosthetic valve is fitted.

Pulmonary and Tricuspid Valve Surgery

Pulmonary valve problems surface most often in adults who underwent congenital repairs in childhood and now present with progressive stenosis or regurgitation affecting right ventricular function. Tricuspid pathology is almost always secondary. If you have annular dilatation it may be due to left-sided disease or raised pulmonary pressures. Concurrent repair at the time of left-sided surgery has become standard practice. Your doctor may do an isolated tricuspid replacement if you have irreparable leaflet damage.

Ross Procedure

In this operation, the patient's own pulmonary valve is moved into the aortic position with a homograft placed in its original site. Because the transferred valve is living tissue, it grows with younger patients and carries no requirement for anticoagulation making it the preferred choice when children or young adults need aortic valve replacement.

2. Arrhythmia and Electrical System Interventions

Cardiac ablation

Ablation targets the myocardial tissue sustaining abnormal electrical circuits.

Atrial fibrillation ablation

In atrial fibrillation, ablation targets specific areas to correct irregular atrial beats.

Atrial flutter ablation

For typical atrial flutter a single linear ablation across the cavotricuspid isthmus interrupts the re-entrant circuit.

Nonpharmacological arrhythmia therapy

Includes devices and procedures to treat rhythm problems without medicine.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)

ICDs can continuously monitor rhythm with your heart getting a defibrillation shock (within seconds of detecting ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia).

Pacemaker

Pacemakers address bradycardia, AV conduction block & sinus node failure. They deliver timed electrical impulses when the native rate falls below a safe threshold.

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT)

For heart failure patients with ventricular dyssynchrony, cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) paces both ventricles in coordination restoring more efficient contraction and improving functional status.

3. Coronary and Structural Surgery

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

When coronary disease is too extensive for stenting bypass surgery reroutes blood past the obstruction (all with the help of conduits harvested from the patient). The left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery is the benchmark graft. Radial artery and saphenous vein fill additional targets.

Aortic Root Surgery

An aortic root that has dilated past safe thresholds carries a growing risk of rupture and dissection: a risk that your cardiac surgeon can eliminate with the help of surgery. Depending on the condition of the native valve leaflets, the procedure either preserves the valve within a new Dacron root or replaces both together. Acute type A dissections are operated on urgently.

Carotid Surgery

Symptomatic carotid stenosis above 50% carries a stroke risk that increases in the days after a TIA or minor stroke. Endarterectomy removes the plaque directly under neuromonitoring. Where anatomy or comorbidity makes this inadvisable, carotid angioplasty and stenting widens the stenosed segment & holds it open percutaneously.

Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy

When pulmonary emboli fail to resorb, they organise into fibrous obstructions within the pulmonary arterial tree, raising pulmonary pressures and straining the right ventricle progressively. Medical treatment does not remove the obstruction. Surgical extraction under circulatory arrest does and for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, it is the only curative intervention.

4. Congenital and Paediatric Cardiac Surgery

Congenital lesions range from defects corrected in a single operation to complex anomalies requiring staged palliation across years. Surgical planning uses detailed imaging (often done with three dimensional reconstruction). In neonates & small infants all aspects of the procedure are scaled accordingly (whether instruments, bypass circuits, perfusion volumes or monitoring thresholds) with post operative care by intensivists trained in the paediatric domain.

5. Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery

Not every cardiac operation requires a full sternotomy. Selected valve repairs, ASD closures and bypass procedures are now performed through small right thoracotomy incisions.  

Robotic platforms bring three-dimensional magnification and wristed instrument control into the confined operative space extending what is achievable through port-sized access points. VATS takes the same principle to thoracic work: a camera through a small port site, no rib spreading, and direct visualisation throughout.

6. Additional Surgery Types

Ventricular assist device (VAD)

A ventricular assist device takes over the pumping function of a failing ventricle (partially or completely) while the patient waits for a transplant, while the myocardium recovers from an acute insult, or permanently in those who are not transplant candidates. 

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

ECMO is a step beyond that: full extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support, used when both heart and lungs have failed acutely and time is needed to treat the underlying cause or stabilise the patient for a more durable intervention.

Conditions We Treat

1. Congenital Heart and Vascular Anomalies

They are

• Atrial septal defect (ASD)
• Structural heart defects present from birth
• Congenital heart conditions in adult patients
• Ebstein anomaly
• Eisenmenger syndrome
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Pulmonary atresia
• Sinus venosus defect
• Subaortic stenosis.
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Tricuspid atresia
• Univentricular (single ventricle) hearts
• Vascular rings.

2. Cardiac Rhythm Disorders

They include

• Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
• Bradycardia
• Long QT syndrome
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Supraventricular tachycardia
• Tachy-brady syndrome
• Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

3. Valvular Heart Disease

• Aortic valve disease - stenosis and regurgitation
• Mitral valve disease - prolapse, regurgitation, stenosis
• Pulmonary valve disease - stenosis and regurgitation
• Tricuspid valve disease and regurgitation

4. Pulmonary and Respiratory Conditions

These are:

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
• Pneumonia and pulmonary infections
• Pulmonary oedema, embolism and hypertension
• Tracheal stenosis

5. Aortic and Cerebrovascular Disease

They may include:

• Abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm
• Carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular disease
• Arteriovenous malformation
• Fibromuscular dysplasia and vasculitis
• Raynaud's phenomenon

6. Coronary and Atherosclerotic Disease

• Coronary artery disease and angina pectoris
• Aortic dissection
• Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
• Acute myocardial infarction and myocarditis

7. Venous and Peripheral Vascular Disorders

They are:

• Peripheral artery disease
• Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
• Chronic venous insufficiency and venous thrombosis
• Varicose veins and vascular ulcers

8. Cardiac Muscle and Functional Disorders

• Cardiogenic shock
• Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
• Pericardial effusion, pericarditis and cardiac tamponade

9. Structural and Other Cardiac Conditions

They are:

• Coarctation of the aorta and pectus excavatum
• Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
• Sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction
• Intracardiac tumours and thoracic trauma
• Post-transplant cardiac complications

Cardiothoracic conditions often require highly specialized surgical care, advanced monitoring, and coordinated treatment to manage complex heart and chest disorders effectively. At KIMS Hospitals, Electronic City, the Department of Cardiothoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery provides comprehensive surgical solutions for a wide range of cardiac and thoracic conditions supported by experienced surgeons, modern surgical technology, and dedicated cardiac critical care services.

The department is equipped to manage coronary artery disease, blocked heart vessels, valve-related disorders, thoracic abnormalities, aortic conditions, and other complex cardiovascular diseases requiring surgical intervention. Patients searching for a Heart Surgery Hospital Near Me, Bypass Surgery Hospital in Bangalore, or Heart Specialist Hospital in Bangalore can access advanced bypass surgery, minimally invasive cardiac procedures, thoracic surgery, intensive postoperative care, and personalized treatment planning under one roof. The department focuses on clinical precision, patient safety, recovery-focused care, and improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes through specialized surgical expertise.