RISK FACTORS FOR THYROID CANCER

As we all know cancer means the abnormal growth of cells that develops as a mass. Abnormal growth of cells in the thyroid gland is termed as thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is associated with certain risk factors. The following are considered as the risk factors that up the risk of thyroid cancer:

• Age: Most of the cases are found in the age group of 20 to 55 in men and women. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is usually detected in people who are in the over and above 60 years.
• Gender: women are four times more prone to thyroid cancer compared to men.
• Race: Thyroid cancer can affect any person irrespective of race or ethnicity. Mostly Asians and Americans are prone to it.
• Diet low in iodine may cause thyroid cancer; hence, nowadays most of the salt manufacturers treat the salt with recommended doses of iodine.
• Persons who have survived breast cancer may develop thyroid cancer in the first five years of their survival.
• If you are exposed to more than moderate level of radiation, it may increase the level of developing papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma, may up the risk of thyroid cancer.
• Exposure to radioactive iodine or RAI such as I-131 is known to increase the risk of thyroid cancers. Atomic weapons used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had such materials, and the few survivors of the atomic bomb catastrophe have developed thyroid cancer later in their lives as an after-effect. Atomic power plants leave out I-131 as a residue which may affect its residents.
• Genetics: Most of the thyroid cancers are associated with genetic factors. If any parent, sister, or brother had thyroid cancer it may up your risk for the same. An abnormal RET oncogene passed to a child from the parent may cause MTC. Only in certain cases patients with abnormal RET gene may develop thyroid cancer. Blood tests and genetic testing can detect RET oncogene if required the doctor may recommend removal the thyroid gland to avoid the risk of medullary thyroid cancers. The family history of goiter may increase the risk of thyroid cancer. People with MEN2 syndrome may be at a greater risk. Precancerous polyps in the colon may increase the risk of developing papillary thyroid cancer.

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