Understanding Breast Implantation Surgery
WHAT IS BREAST IMPLANTATION SURGERY?Breast implantation surgery is a cosmetic surgery procedure to i...
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EYELID SURGERY
The eyes are the most important aesthetic component of the face - for this reason eyelid procedures are among the most efficient ways to obtain significant aesthetic improvement to the face with relatively light surgery.
FACE AND NECK LIFT
A face and neck lift is the most efficient method for reversing the effects of gravity and ageing in the mid and lower portions of the face. This procedure will raise the soft tissues in the cheek and mid-face, reduce jowls and provide a cleaner and more defined jawline.
BROW LIFT
The endoscopic brow lift is used for rejuvenation of the forehead and areas adjacent to the eyes, reversing the effects of sagging, asymmetry and heavy creasing. It provides a graded and precisely adjusted lift, yet is gentle to the forehead and leaves only minor scarring that is hidden behind the hairline. As the endoscopic brow lift has a pronounced rejuvenating effect to the forehead and eyelids, the procedure is often used to complement facelift surgeries in order to get a balanced result across the full face.
TREATMENT FOR FACIAL AND EYELID HOLLOWNESS
Fat transfer, or surgical grafting, is used alongside the repositioning of soft tissues to revolumise hollowed areas and restore structural integrity to the face. Using one’s own fat cells, this technique has a wide application and may be effectively combined with other procedures, such as face lift and eyelid surgery. It is used effectively to counteract gravity by offering a light lift, and deliver smooth and youthful contours
FACIAL IMPLANTS
Facial implants add or restore contours to the solid structure of face - the cranio-facial architecture which includes the chin, jaw and cheekbones. Implants are equally suited for use in the correction of facial asymmetries as well as for cosmetic enhancement. Implants of firm medical-grade silicone improve at a deeper level, they are safe, give permanent, balanced results, and look and feel natural
FACIAL SCAR REVISION
The causes of scars include traumatic injury, infection, burn and surgery. Some scars are unattractive simply due to location, while others may affect facial expressions. Scars are permanent once formed, but surgically it is possible to alter scar lines and adjust the surrounding tissue to make the scar less visible. Many scars that appear large and unattractive at first may become less obvious with time. Types of scars include: Hypertrophic scars, keloid scars, burn scars and normal scars. There are a variety of treatments including steroids, compression, surgical excision, fat grafting, or combined therapies which may be used depending on the nature of the scar.
FACIAL INJURIES AND LACERATIONS
Facial trauma reconstruction is the rectification of facial lacerations such as those commonly inflicted during motor vehicle accidents, incidents of violence, or from animal attacks. Appropriate treatment at the time of injury is the most effective way of preventing post-traumatic facial deformities. Although it may not be possible to completely restore pre-injury appearance, significant improvements can often be made in one or a series of reconstructive surgeries.
FACIAL SKIN CANCERS - SKIN MALIGNANCY SURGERY
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant or neoplastic tumour affecting the skin of the face, nose, eyelids and surrounding areas. It is typically a result of sun exposure, particularly in fair-skinned individuals or people who spend extended periods outdoors. Other skin cancers include squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Although most skin cancers can be removed surgically, treatment will depend on the type of cancer, its stage of growth and its location.
FACIAL PALSY- FACIAL NERVE REPAIR
The facial nerve is responsible for the movement and control of muscle function in the face. Injury or dysfunction of the facial nerve may result in facial palsy. The facial paralysis, usually occurring on just one side of the face, can cause numerous problems of the eye, skin and muscles. The primary therapeutic aim is always the restoration of nerve function. If for some reason this is not possible, healthy nerves and muscles can be transferred to the face, a procedure known as ‘facial reanimation’. A number of procedures targeting specific issues such as tightening of the oral commissure (mouth), brow lifts and eyelid surgeries offer temporary to long-lasting static improvement, either as stand-alone procedures or in combination.
REDUCED EYELID FUNCTIONALITY- OCULOPLASTIC SURGERY
Reduced eyelid functionality may have many causes, including traumatic lacerations, ptosis, eyelid cancer, facial palsy or previous surgery. The eyelids are delicate and complex structures that provide coverage and protection to the eye. They are also among the most important aesthetic components of the face, making restoration of appearance especially important. Eyelids can be reconstructed with a wide variety of techniques; many functional eyelid problems may only require a minor adjustment, but occasionally complex multilayered reconstructions are required.
There are several ways of medically treating and improving skin health for both men and women. The first step is a thorough examination, highlighting areas of premature ageing, skin damage and pigmentation as well as noting problems such as acne, acne scarring, vascular lesions, rosacea or other irregularities. The second step is determining a combination of therapies for a personalised programme of skin restoration. The best results are always obtained by combining treatments that stimulate and optimise the skin on both a structural and cellular level. Many skin conditions are associated with specific events such as hormonal changes, pregnancies, etc. and treatments will be customised accordingly. We provide treatments such as Skin Peel, Dermabrasion, Laser Treatment and Injectables to treat a variety of skin conditions.
There are several ways of medically treating and improving skin health for both men and women. The first step is a thorough examination, highlighting areas of premature ageing, skin damage and pigmentation as well as noting problems such as acne, acne scarring, vascular lesions, rosacea or other irregularities. The second step is determining a combination of therapies for a personalised programme of skin restoration. The best results are always obtained by combining treatments that stimulate and optimise the skin on both a structural and cellular level. Many skin conditions are associated with specific events such as hormonal changes, pregnancies, etc. and treatments will be customised accordingly. We provide treatments such as Skin Peel, Dermabrasion, Laser Treatment and Injectables to treat a variety of skin conditions.
ABDOMINOPLASTY
What is Abdominoplasty?
If you've got excess skin in your abdomen which doesn't respond to diet or exercise, then you should opt for surgery that attens the abdomen by removing extra fat and skin, and tightening muscles in your abdominal wall.
Who should undergo Abdominoplasty?
Women who had multiple pregnancies can undergo this procedure for tightening their abdominal muscles and reducing excess skin, which may have stretch marks. It is also an option for men or women who were once obese and have loose skin around the belly.
How do I prepare for the surgery?
Your surgeon may instruct you to stop taking certain medications for a few weeks before and after the surgery. You will be advised to undergo an ultrasound scan to rule out any other disease (like hernia) which might have to be addressed during the surgery. Minor abdominal procedures like tubectomy can also be combined with the tummy tuck.
What happens during the surgery?
The procedure takes about 3 to 5 hours to complete and is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon will make a cut in your lower abdomen near the hairline, lift the skin from the underlying muscles and remove the excess fat and loose skin. Depending on the type of procedure your belly button might be repositioned. There are several variants of abdominoplasty, like conventional/ extended/ mini/ lipoabdominoplasty. The procedure best suited for each individual is chosen by the surgeon and discussed with you in detail.
What to expect after surgery?
Dressing will be done for your suture line and you might have suction tubes for a few days. You will be required to wear a compression garment for support. When completely healed (full recovery can take about six weeks), the abdomen area will be rmer and its contour restored.
Benefits of Abdominoplasty:
• Improved posture
• Improvement of abdominal contour
• Removal of lower abdominal stretch marks
• Gets rid of itching and infections underneath the lax abdominal fold
• Simultaneous treatment of existing hernias
BREAST REDUCTION SURGERY
What is Breast Reduction Surgery?
Breast reduction is a cosmetic procedure in which the size and weight of large, heavy breasts is reduced to create a breast contour proportionate to the patient’s body. This is done by removing excess fat, breast tissue and stretched skin from the breasts.
Who should undergo Breast Reduction Surgery?
Women with large breasts may experience pain in the back, neck and shoulders. Some women may have skin maceration with painful skin lesions below the breasts. The weight of excess breast tissue can impair the ability to lead an active life. There is frequent discomfort and self-consciousness associated with having large breasts, including difficulty fitting into certain clothing.
How do I prepare for the surgery?
The first step is to choose a surgeon and see him or her for a consultation. Your surgeon will discuss your expectations for breast size and appearance. He or She will examine and measure your breasts and give you a detailed description of the procedure. You may be asked to stop taking certain medications. You will be required to get suitable clothing and underclothing for immediate post-operative use.
What happens during the surgery?
Breast reduction surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia. After making the incisions, through proper techniques the cosmetic surgeon will remove excess breast tissue, fat and skin and position the breast and nipple on the chest in appropriate position. Breast lift is an integral part of this procedure. The remaining breast tissue and skin will be reshaped and closed with sutures.
Procedure:
There are various techniques of breast reduction, incisions are usually in a circular pattern around the areola or a keyhole or racquet shaped or an inverted T, around the areola and vertically down to the breast crease. The nipple areola remains attached to its original blood and nerve supply, which preserves its vascularity and sensation, areola is reduced in size if necessary. Breast tissue is reduced, lifted and shaped, sutures are layered in the breast tissue to create and support the new breast shape and skin closure is done. Scars are usually concealed within the bra line
Who should undergo Breast Reduction Surgery?
After the procedure, you will be sent home, with dressing applied to the incisions and an elastic bra for breast support. There will be some pain and discomfort for the first few days after the surgery, which can be controlled through painkillers.
Benefits of Breast Reduction Surgery:
• Relief from pain in the upper back and neck
• Improved condence and self-esteem
• Better t of clothing
• Improved posture
• Makes physical activity and sports easier
GYNAECOMASTIA
What is Gynaecomastia?
Gynaecomastia is the enlargement of breasts in men. It is a common, benign (not cancer) condition that mainly affects teenage boys and older men, but can affect men at any age. It can be due to certain health conditions or hormonal changes, obesity or use of certain medicines or substances and can affect one or both breasts sometimes unevenly.
Who should undergo Gynaecomastia surgery?
Gynecomastia can cause emotional distress and impair self con dence. Men whose breast development has stabilised and the condition persisting for more than 1 year can undergo surgical correction.
How is Gynaecomastia diagnosed?
In most cases, Gynaecomastia can be diagnosed by physical examination. A careful medical history is important, including medication and substance use. Sometimes (< 1%) you may be required to undergo special tests to rule out hormonal imbalance
How do I prepare for the surgery?
Your surgeon will give you speci c instructions, including adjusting your current medication, or stopping certain medicines. You will be asked to stop smoking for a few weeks before and after the procedure.
What happens during the surgery?
Surgery will usually be done under general anaesthesia and you can go home the same day. Surgical scars will be concealed in natural breast contours.
Procedure:
Liposuction and glandular excision: It is a minimally invasive procedure, small cut is made in an inconspicuous location - either on the edge of the areola or in the under arm area and breast fat is sucked out.
If excess glandular tissue is the primary cause of the breast enlargement, it will be excised, or cut out, through an incision at the edge of the areola.
In severe cases of gynecomastia (Grade III/IV) a second surgery might be required to remove the excess skin, to avoid an unsightly scar.
What to expect after surgery?
There will be immediate improvement in shape and appearance however the nal result will take a few weeks. You will need to wear a compression garment for a month (under your clothing) It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, however you will need to refrain from strenuous activity involving repeated movement of your arms for a few weeks.
Benefits of Gynaecomastia surgery
• Enhanced self-image and confidence
• Relieves back pain
• Long lasting results
• Ability to wear all types of clothing
LIPOSUCTION
Liposuction is the most common type of cosmetic surgery that breaks up and "sucks" fat from the body. The fat is removed through a hollow instrument, known as cannula. This is inserted under the skin. A powerful, high-pressure vacuum is applied to the cannula. It is used on the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, neck, chin, upper and backs of the arms, calves, and back.
- Tumescent Liposuction: Several liters of a saline solution with a local anesthetic (lidocaine) and a vessel-constrictor (epinephrine) are pumped below the skin in the area that is to be suctioned. The fat is suctioned, or sucked out, through small suction tubes. This is the most popular form of liposuction.
- Dry Liposuction: No fluid is injected before the fat is removed. This method is seldom used today. There is a higher risk of bruising and bleeding.
- Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL): Also known as ultrasonic liposuction, the cannula is energized with ultrasound. This makes the fat melt away on contact. The ultrasound vibrations burst the walls of the fat cells. This emulsifies, or liquified, the fat, making it easier to suction out. This method is suitable for fibrous areas, such as the male breast, back, and in areas where liposuction has been done before. After ultrasonic liposuction, suction-assisted liposuction is done to remove the liquefied fat.
- Power-assisted Liposuction (PAS): Also known as powered liposuction, PAS uses a specialized cannula with a mechanized system that rapidly moves back-and-forth, allowing the surgeon to pull out fat more easily.
RHINOPLASTY
What is Rhinoplasty?
It is a surgery done to the nose to change its shape or improve its function. It may be done to correct breathing problems related to the nose or rectify disfigurement.
How do I prepare for the surgery?
Your surgeon after understanding your requirement, will examine the structures of your nose and other facial features and discuss the feasibility of the desired changes. The surgeon will then describe what he or she proposes to do. A nose job is usually done as an outpatient procedure or in some instances overnight stay may be required, depending on the extent of surgery. It can be done under general or local anesthesia.
What happens during the surgery?
The surgeon makes cuts within the nostrils. In some cases, a small cut is made at the base of the nose (between your nostrils). The surgeon then reshapes the inner bone and cartilage to produce the desired appearance.
Procedure:
- Open Rhinoplasty: During the surgery, the surgeon makes an incision in the strip of skin separating the nostrils. The skin and soft tissue is lifted off the underlying cartilage and bone. The surgeon then works with the underlying nasal structures. The advantage of Open Rhinoplasty is that the surgeon can directly visualise the cartilage and other nasal anatomy and is able to manipulate the nasal shape with more control and precision.
- Closed Rhinoplasty: The incisions are made within the nose and the skin is separated from the bone and cartilage, allowing the surgeon access to the underlying structures. The bone and cartilage can be reshaped, removed or augmented to get the desired shape or structure. The main advantage is that there is no external scar and post-operative healing time is less.
- Revision Rhinoplasty: Sometimes a secondary correction may be required to further improve the form and function of the nose. Such procedures are necessary in about ve to ten percent of individuals undergoing rhinoplasty.
- Filler Rhinoplasty: The surgeon uses injectable fi llers to change the shape of your nose. With this approach the doctor is able to smoothen the sharp angles and bumps, change the shape of the tip of the nose and restore its symmetry. However, the results may be temporary.
What to expect after surgery?
After the surgery, you will usually be required to wear a nasal splint for a week or more. Patients may experience swelling and some bruising around the eyes after surgery, which will begin to improve after the third day. The nal result will be apparent after a few weeks (after the swelling has subsided and complete healing occurs).
Benefits of Rhinoplasty:
• Correction of form/shape
• Improved breathing
• Improved confidence
BLEPHAROPLASTY
What is Blepharoplasty?
Blepharoplasty is a type of surgery that repairs drooping eyelids. As we age, the eyelids stretch and the muscles supporting them start to weaken, as a result, fat gets deposited above and below the eyelids, causing droopy upper lids and bags under the eyes. Blepharoplasty can help remove excess skin and restore a new shape to your eyelids giving a more youthful appearance to your eyes.
Who should undergo Blepharoplasty?
Sagging of skin around the eyes is a natural part of aging. People with severe sagging skin around the eyes have a compromised lateral eld of vision. Puffy lower lids can occur in patients at a younger age, causing them to look much older than they are. Blepharoplasty can make your eyes appear younger and more alert.
How do I prepare for the surgery?
An eye examination is conducted by the surgeon, which may also include testing your tear production and taking measurements of your eyelids. Your surgeon may instruct you to stop taking certain medications (that may cause excessive bleeding) for a time before and after the surgery.
What happens during the surgery?
If you undergo surgery on both your upper and lower eyelids, the surgeon generally works on your upper lids rst. He or she cuts along the fold of the eyelid, removes the excess skin, muscle and possibly fat, and closes the cut. If you also have ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), your surgeon may correct it simultaneously.
Upper Eyelid Surgery: An incision is made in the natural crease of the eyelid, through which the surgeon will remove excess skin, muscle, and fat. Sometimes sagging of the upper eyelid is also due to the descent of the eyebrow, requiring a brow elevation along with blepharoplasty (brow lift)
Lower Eyelid Surgery: The surgeon makes a cut generally on the outer edge of the lower eyelid, just beneath the eyelashes or inside the eyelid. Through these incisions, the surgeon will remove or re-distribute the fat to create a smooth, natural contour beneath the eyelid. In some people the lower lid may become lax with age, surgical tightening (canthopexy) of the outer corner of the eye improves the appearance and eyelid function.
What to expect after surgery?
Patients usually have a short recovery time after blepharoplasty. Bruising and swelling are expected on the day after surgery, however they disappear with time. During the rst 48 hours, the use of cold compress can greatly reduce bruising and swelling around the eyes and face. Stitches are removed after about a week. Most people regain their normal appearance of the eyes by seven to ten days following blepharoplasty. During the healing period, they may use goggles to conceal the changes.
Benefits of Blepharoplasty:
• Youthful appearance
• Improved eld of vision (in individuals with hooding of the upper lid)
• Removal of puffy under-eye bags
BREAST RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY
What is Breast Reconstruction Surgery?
Breast reconstruction recreates all or a part of the breast, that has been surgically removed for tumour. It can be done using the remaining part of breast or by a silicone implant or by using tissue from either adjacent area (like the back) or from where there is an excess (like the lower abdomen).
Who can undergo Breast Reconstruction?
Treatment of breast cancer has evolved in the past 5 decades aiming at early detection, long term cure and preservation of the breast. Most women with early stage cancer, are suitable for breast reconstruction. Reconstructing the breast is not an essential part of cancer treatment, it is the personal choice of the individual.
When is the best time for breast reconstruction?
Immediate reconstruction can be done at the time of mastectomy. Advantages include single surgical procedure, better cosmesis and the patient can wake up with a breast already in place. Delayed reconstruction is done months or years later, after completion of other treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy or when you have decided that you want reconstruction.
What is the best method for me?
The choice of reconstruction depends on many factors like age, pathology, extent of disease, need for radiation, associated diseases, body type, previous surgeries etc. Your surgeon will help you decide which procedure is best for you. Depending on the size of the original breast, an implant is sometimes necessary under the flap to match the volume of the natural breast.
Procedures:
Reconstruction using Implants only: It is the simplest approach to breast reconstruction. If enough skin is available at the mastectomy region, a silicone implant (available in many sizes and shapes) is placed under the skin or muscle in the chest region. If sufficient skin is not available a tissue expander is placed first, to allow the muscle and skin to stretch and after 3 months a permanent implant is placed.
Reconstruction using own body tissue: Tissue (skin fat and muscle) can be taken from adjacent regions like the back, in the form of a pedicled flap where its blood supply stays connected or from distant sites like the lower abdomen, buttocks or thighs, where the tissue is disconnected from its blood supply and connected to a new blood supply (free ap) This is done using microsurgery. Reconstruction using own body tissue and implant together:
What to expect after surgery?
Recovery period depends on the procedure done. There may be pain and discomfort for the first few days after surgery, which can be controlled through painkillers. After you no longer need pain medication, you should be able to return to work. A few weeks after the surgery, you will be seen in the clinic to make sure your wounds are healing well and a few months later to assess the outcome and decide if any adjustments are needed (including nipple areola reconstruction).
Benefits of Breast Reconstruction Surgery:
• Improved body image and quality of life
• Improved confidence/ self esteem.
• Restored sense of wholeness and feminity
